Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

مقدمه: یکی از فرضیات بحث نشده در تمام روش های آنالیز قابلیت اطمینان این است که عملکرد انسان وابسته به شرایطی است که تحت آن وظایف و فعالیت ها انجام می شوند. این شرایط شامل فاکتورهای موثر بر عملکرد(PIFs) Performance Influencing Factors  یا فاکتورهای شکل دهنده عملکرد (PSFs) Performance Shaping Factors می باشند؛ لذا به منظور ارتقای وضعیت ایمنی و کاهش خطای انسانی، شناسایی و ارزیابی فاکتورهای موثر بر عملکرد به عنوان یک ضرورت محسوب می شود، این تحقیق نیز در همین راستا انجام شده است.روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر یک پژوهش از نوع موردی است که در اتاق کنترل یکی از مناطق عملیاتی شرکت انتقال گاز، اجرا شده است. برای انجام پژوهش ابتدا با مطالعه کتابخانه ای به شناسایی و انتخاب فاکتورهای موثر بر عملکرد پرداخته شد سپس برای جمع آوری داده های لازم، پرسشنامه ای تهیه گردید و در نهایت با به کارگیری منطق فازی تجزیه و تحلیل آنها انجام شد.یافته ها: تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که از بین فاکتورهای تعیین شده، از نظر اپراتورهای اتاق کنترل، کیفیت شاخص «انجام دو یا چند کار به طور همزمان» و «زمان مورد قبول برای انجام کار» قابل قبول است؛ در صورتی که شاخص کیفیت و میزان آموزش های موجود در شرکت برای آنها نامطلوب است.نتیجه گیری: شناسایی و ارزیابی فاکتورهای موثر بر عملکرد در صنایع مختلف و تحلیل آنها به روش فازی در جهت کاهش خطای انسانی و بهبود عملکرد افراد و ارتقای سطح ایمنی، امری بسیار ضروری و مهم می باشد.

Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

1هدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل موثر بر شکل گیری مدارس پیشرو می باشد، تا در آموزش و پرورش ایران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. برای این منظور ابتدا با توجه به پیشینه تحقیق و مبانی نظری چهارچوب مفهومی در زمینه مولفه های یک مدرسه کارآمد و پیشرو ارایه گردید. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی وتوسعه ای وروش آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، از ﻧﻮع ترکیبی، و ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ روﺷﻬﺎی کمی و کیفی می باشد.. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل کلیه مدیران و دبیران شاغل  در مدارس منطقه 15 و 16 شهر تهران می باشد.طبق اطلاعات بدست آمده جامعه آماری حدود 3000  نفرمی باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول مورگان 344 نفر برآورد شده است. برای نمونه گیری در این پژوهش از روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای استفاده شد،که 84 نفر از مدیران و 260 نفر از دبیران در مطالعه حاضر، شرکت کرده اند. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته می باشد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و پاسخ به سؤال های پژوهش، از آزمون ضریب همبستگی و تحلیل عاملی  استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند که مولفه های مدیریت ورهبری، عوامل پژوهشی، عوامل آموزشی، منابع انسانی، بودجه و زیرساخت ها، فناوری و تجهیزات به عنوان مولفه های اصلی شکل گیری مدارس پیشرو می باشند که مولفه عوامل آموزشی بیشترین سهم را دارد.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

الزامات فضا در مقاصد گردشگری بر اساس مدل های مختلفی ارزیابی می شود. مدل A Factors نمونه آن است. جاذبه ها، نحوه دسترسی، فعالیت ها، اقامت گاه ها و مطلوبیت مکانی از مهم ترین فاکتورهای موثر در توسعه گردشگری در فضاهای جغرافیایی است. جزایر خلیج فارس با قابلیت خوشه ای و مجموعه ای خود می توانند، زمینه های توسعه گردشگری پایدار را فراهم آورند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی مولفه های تاثیرگذار بر فعالیت های گردشگری جزایر خلیج فارس بر اساس مدل A factors است. این مدل با بهره گیری از 5 فاکتور کلیدی پیش گفته، به واکاوی ارزش مقاصد گردشگری می پردازد. روش تحقیق در این مقاله، توصیفی- تحلیلی و با تاکید بر بررسی منابع و تحلیل کارشناسی نگارندگان است. به این منظور، تجارب موفق برنامه ریزی گردشگری جزایر در دنیا مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته، سپس مولفه های پنج گانه مدل مورد نظر، در فضاهای جغرافیایی جزایر خلیج فارس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، تا نهایتا مدلی طراحی شود که بر اساس آن بتوان فرآیند توسعه گردشگری پایدار را فراهم ساخت. نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر آن است که شناسایی کارکرد تخصصی برای هر یک از جزایر با توجه به فاکتورهای پنج گانه به عنوان اولین اصل پیوسته باید مورد توجه مدیران و برنامه ریزان قرار گیرد.

مقدمه: خطر ابتلا به بیماری های عفونی در محیط کار دندان پزشکی مستقیما به درجه تماس با مایعات بدن هم چون خون، بزاق دهان و وسایل کار بستگی دارد. میکروارگانیسم های مختلفی چون ویروس ایدز، هپاتیت B و یا عوامل قارچی، قابلیت انتقال در دندان پزشکی دارند. فدراسیون بین المللی دندان پزشکی اظهار می دارد که تمام بیماران دندان پزشکی، اگر چه به ظاهر سالم باشند، عفونت زا محسوب می شوند. لذا رعایت اصول بهداشتی و پیش گیری در تمام مراحل الزامی است.هدف: تعیین نگرش و عملکرد دندان پزشکان در زمینه رعایت موازین بهداشتی به منظور جلوگیری از انتقال عفونت در محیط کار دندان پزشکی هدف این مطالعه می باشد.مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه که به صورت توصیفی- مقطعی (cross–sectional) بود، با توجه به سوال های استاندارد شده در زمینه مورد پژوهش انجام گردید. اطلاعات از طریق پرسش نامه و در خصوص نگرش و عملکرد دندان پزشکان، با مراجعه به مطب ها در سال 1385 جمع آوری گردید. نمونه مورد پژوهش 140 نفر از بین تمامی دندان پزشکان شهرستان اصفهان بودند که به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند.نتایج: میانگین نمرات مربوط به نگرش دندان پزشکان 5.36 به دست آمد. میانگین نمرات مربوط به عملکرد دندان پزشکان مورد پژوهش 8.03 بود. بین نگرش و سابقه خدمت (0.092=P و 0.17= r) رابطه معنی داری دیده نشد. بین عملکرد وسابقه خدمت (0.12=P و0.15 -=r) نیز رابطه معنی داری وجود نداشت. بین نگرش و عملکرد دندان پزشکان مورد پژوهش رابطه معنی داری (0.1= P و0.16 -=r) دیده نشد.نتیجه گیری: دندان پزشکان مورد پژوهش از نظر رعایت اصول بهداشتی و ایمنی نسبت به راه های جلوگیری از انتقال عفونت از نگرش بالا و عملکرد خوب و قابل قبولی برخوردار بودند. نتایج حاصله با مطالعات مشابهی که در کشورهای پیشرفته انجام گرفته هماهنگی داشت. تداوم آموزش دندان پزشکان و آگاه کردن بیماران دندان پزشکی جهت جلوگیری از انتقال عفونت در محیط دندان پزشکی، مفید خواهد بود.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.